Laptop Battery Scientists at M.I.T. and a small company in Salt Lake City are scheduled to announce today that they have developed technology that can efficiently and inexpensively transform heat pollution into electricity.
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Thinkpad Although only a few crude samples have been built, Dr. Yan Kucherov, director of research and development at the Salt Lake City company, Eneco Inc., and Dr. Peter L. Hagelstein, professor of electrical engineering at M.I.T. and a technical consultant at Eneco, say that their devices improve the efficiency of the conversion by more than half.
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Microsoft "It's really first-generation, very primitive implementation," Dr. Hagelstein said. "Potentially, it's an enormous deal. This opens a door."
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Laptop Computers While the heat generated by car engines and power plants usually does nothing but warm the surrounding air, scientists have long dreamed of building so-called thermoelectric devices that can capture the wasted heat and convert a portion of it into electricity.
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Laptop Computer Such devices could significantly increase the electrical output of existing power plants or power the electrical systems of automobiles, replacing alternators and increasing gas mileage.
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Desktop Computer The Pentagon, which partly financed the new research, has been interested in using the devices for silent motors. Operating in reverse, thermoelectric devices can also be used as refrigerators.
Notebooks Another advantage of thermoelectric devices is that they produce electricity without generating additional pollution.
Lenovo Current thermoelectric technology converts only about 10 percent of the heat it absorbs into electricity, too inefficient a return for widespread use. The new devices, however, reach about 17 percent, and Dr. Hagelstein said future devices should be able to improve upon that significantly.
Hard Drive It is impossible to transform 100 percent of the heat into electricity. The laws of physics dictate a theoretical maximum of about 50 percent at the temperature a thermoelectric device operates at. Current commercial thermoelectric devices, at 10 percent efficiency, get only one-fifth the maximum. Using the new technology, future devices should be able to achieve more than half the maximum.
Travelstar The researchers are presenting their findings at a meeting of the Materials Research Society in Boston. Scientific papers describing the experiments have been submitted to the journals Physical Review Letters and Applied Physics Letters.
Gateway If borne out, the findings would be significant, said Dr. George S. Nolas, a professor of physics at the University of South Florida and an organizer of a symposium about thermoelectric devices at the Materials Research Society meeting. Dr. Nolas had not seen the Eneco paper but said the reported efficiency was high enough to find practical use and "would be pretty good news."
Laptop Parts Eneco's thermoelectric device is a sandwich of three layers of semiconductor. One outer layer is heated; the other is kept at room temperature. The middle layer acts as an insulator to maintain the temperature difference.
Software The heat causes electrons to shoot out, some crossing the sandwich to generate an electrical current. The Eneco researchers added impurities a process called doping to the heated layer to increase the flow of electrons.
Hard Drives "The region near the hot part is heavily doped, so it boils off electrons," Dr. Hagelstein said. "We get more voltage and more current."
Electronics He added: "The underlying technology is really very simple. It should be a very practical, relatively cheap technology."
Canon Leroy Becker, marketing director of Eneco, which is not associated with the Dutch utility Eneco Energie, said the company hoped to produce a prototype of a practical device within a year and sell it within two years.
Desktop Pc Eneco, a privately held company, was created in 1991 to seek to license patents on cold fusion after the controversial claim of two University of Utah scientists that they could produce almost limitless amounts of energy in a room-temperature flask of water. Eneco also financed follow-up research on cold fusion, including work by Dr. Hagelstein. The claims for cold fusion were far overstated, and several years ago, Eneco shifted its focus to thermoelectric devices.
Desktop Computers By Kenneth Chang
New York Times - 11/27/2001
Topic: Energy
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