UCLA chemists create nano valve
July 18, 2005
Laptop Battery UCLA chemists have created the first nano valve that can be
opened and closed at will to trap and release molecules. The
discovery, federally funded by the National Science Foundation,
will be published July 19 in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences.
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Thinkpad "This paper demonstrates unequivocally that the machine works,"
said Jeffrey I. Zink, a UCLA professor of chemistry and
biochemistry, a member of the California NanoSystems Institute at
UCLA, and a member of the research team. "With the nano valve, we
can trap and release molecules on demand. We are able to control
molecules at the nano scale.
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Microsoft "A nano valve potentially could be used as a
drug delivery system," Zink
said.
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Laptop Computers "The valve is like a mechanical system that we can control like
a water faucet," said UCLA graduate student Thoi Nguyen, lead
author on the paper. "Trapping the molecule inside and shutting the
valve tightly was a challenge. The first valves we produced leaked
slightly."
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Laptop Computer "Thoi was a master nano plumber who plugged the leak with a
tight valve," Zink said.
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Desktop Computer This nano valve consists of moving parts - switchable rotaxane
molecules that resemble linear motors designed by California
NanoSystems Institute director Fraser Stoddart's team - attached to
a tiny piece of glass (porous silica), which measures about 500
nanometers, and which Nguyen is currently reducing in size. Tiny
pores in the glass are only a few nanometers in size.
Notebooks "It's big enough to let molecules in and out, but small enough
so that the switchable rotaxane molecules can block the hole," Zink
said.
Lenovo The valve is uniquely designed so one end attaches to the
opening of the hole that will be blocked and unblocked, and the
other end has the switchable rotaxanes whose movable component
blocks the hole in the down position and
leaves it open in the up
position. The researchers used chemical
energy involving a single
electron as the power supply to open and shut the valve, and a
luminescent molecule that allows them to tell from emitted light
whether a molecule is trapped or has been released.
Hard Drive Switchable rotaxanes are molecules composed of a dumbbell
component with two stations between which a ring component can be
made to move back and forth in a linear
fashion. Stoddart, who holds UCLA's
Fred Kavli Chair in nanosystems sciences, has already shown how
these switchable rotaxanes can be used in molecular electronics.
Stoddart's team is now adapting them for use in the construction of
artificial molecular machinery.
Travelstar "The fact that we can take a bistable molecule that behaves as a
switch in a silicon-based electronic device at the nanoscale level
and fabricate it differently to work as part of a nano valve on
porous silica is something I find really satisfying about this
piece of research," Stoddart, said. "It shows that these little
pieces of molecular machinery are highly adaptable and resourceful,
and means that we can move around in the nanoworld with the same
molecular tool kit and adapt it to different needs on demand."
Gateway In future research, they will test how large a hole they can
block, to see whether they can get larger molecules, like enzymes,
inside the container; they are optimistic.
Laptop Parts The research team also includes Hsian-Rong Tseng, a former
postdoctoral scholar in chemistry who is now an assistant professor
of molecular and medical pharmacology in UCLA's David Geffen School
of Medicine; Paul Celestre, a former undergraduate student in
Stoddart's laboratory; Amar Flood, a former UCLA researcher in
Stoddart's supramolecular chemistry group who is now an assistant
professor of chemistry at Indiana University; and Yi Liu, a former
UCLA graduate student who is now a postdoctoral scholar at the
Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla.
Software "Our team and Fraser's have very different areas of expertise,"
Zink said. "By combining them and working together we were able to
make something new that really works."
Hard Drives Stoddart has noted that it is only in the past 100 years that
humankind has learned how to fly. Prior to the first demonstration
of manned flight, there were many great scientists and engineers
who said it was impossible.
Electronics "Building artificial molecular machines and getting them to
operate is where airplanes were a century ago," Stoddart said. "We
have come a long way in the last decade, but we have a very, very
long way to go yet to realize the full potential of artificial
molecular machines.\\\
Canon University of California-Los Angeles
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