HAART drugs are used in various combinations; choosing the
best HAART regimen is an art (Fauci AS et al 2004). There is a
significant risk of drug resistance, at least partly due to
HIV s ability to mutate into drug-resistant forms. In
other words, a drug may work extremely well until HIV, through
multiple replications, adapts to the drug and becomes resistant
to its effects. Moreover, once the virus develops a resistance
to one drug, it will usually also resist other drugs. Because
of this cross-resistance, initial treatment decisions have a
long-term impact on future options for the patient. If an
initial regimen fails because of drug resistance, it is very
difficult to make an effective change (Fauci AS et al
2004). laptop battery
Antiretroviral drugs are highly toxic and have a host of
negative side effects, which affect mostly the liver,
gastrointestinal tract, and skin. In many cases, a patient may
not be able to tolerate one or more drugs. HAART drugs are also
closely associated with increased insulin resistance and
abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increasing the
risk of cardiovascular complications (Hansen BR et al 2004). To
counteract the rise in blood lipids and insulin resistance, it
is recommended that patients on HAART closely monitor their
blood lipids and blood glucose. If these measures are abnormal,
patients may choose to counteract these conditions with a
carefully design program of dietary nutrients (Fauci AS et al
2004; Hansen BR et al 2004). thinkpad
Antioxidants: Protecting Yourself
Patients infected with HIV are frequently malnourished and
deficient in antioxidants, especially glutathione (Foster HD
2004). This is especially worrisome because glutathione, an
internally produced antioxidant, appears to interfere with
HIV s entry into its target cells (Markovic I et al
2004). Glutathione deficiency in patients who have HIV/AIDS can
exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease, which prevents
absorption of vital nutrients and may hasten wasting syndrome
(Sido B et al 1998). microsoft
As a result of glutathione deficiency, patients with
HIV/AIDS have a buildup of free radicals. Numerous studies have
shown that antioxidants can counter this buildup of dangerous
free radicals (Foster HD 2004; McDermid JM et al 2002; Mollace
V et al 2001; Patrick L 2000 Aug; Townsend DM et al 2003; Wu G
et al 2004). Some of the antioxidants that have been clinically
tested in patients with HIV/AIDS include: laptop computers
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Alpha-lipoic acid
This powerful antioxidant plays a central role in
defense against free radicals (Pande V et al 2003; Suzuki
YJ et al 1992). Moreover, alpha-lipoic acid has the
remarkable ability to recycle several other important
antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, glutathione,
coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as well as itself. Alpha-lipoic acid
can boost the level of intracellular glutathione, and may
directly inhibit HIV-1 replication (Baur A et al 1991). laptop computer
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Beta-carotene
Beta-carotene has been shown to stimulate the
immune systems of patients with HIV/AIDS (Coodley GO et al
1993). In people infected with HIV who were given 100, 000
international units (IU) of vitamin A from beta-carotene
daily for 4 weeks, white blood cell counts rose by 66
percent, but T-helper cells rose only slightly. Six weeks
after beta-carotene treatment was discontinued, the
immune-cell measurements returned to pretreatment levels
(Fryburg DA et al 1995). desktop computer
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Green tea
Green tea leaves contain catechins with powerful
antioxidant properties. The most abundant catechin found in
green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), inhibits HIV
from infecting human T-cells. One recent study showed that
EGCG can bind to T-cells and block the virus from attaching
(Kawai K et al 2003). This breakthrough may significantly
impact HIV research if future investigators can determine
the precise location on the T-cells in which EGCG exerts
its effect and whether it is the same location in which HIV
binds to the T-cell. notebooks
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Selenium
Selenium is required for proper functioning of
the immune system (Look MP et al 1997). It is also
essential in the synthesis of glutathione. Selenium s
many benefits include protecting the central nervous system
from dementia caused by HIV (Shor-Posner G et al 2002a) and
infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Shor-Posner G et
al 2002b); slowing the loss of T-cells (Look MP et al
1997); and decreasing the effect of inflammatory cytokines,
which may reduce the risk of developing neurological damage
(Bjugstad KB et al 1998; Ryan LA et al 2001; Seilhean D et
al 1997), Kaposi s sarcoma (a common HIV-associated
cancer), and wasting syndrome. Selenium also suppresses the
enhancing effect of cytokines on HIV replication (Hori K et
al 1997; Tolando R et al 2000). lenovo
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Vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and N-acetylcysteine
(Renis HE 1975) have multiple benefits in patients with
HIV/AIDS. They maintain glutathione levels (Fawzi WW et al
2004; McComsey G et al 2003), improve T-cell counts and
reduce viral load in patients who have advanced AIDS
(McComsey G et al 2003; Standish LJ et al 2001; Tantcheva
LP et al 2003), and have a toxic effect on HIV-infected
cells (high levels of vitamin C) (Harakeh S et al 1991;
Rivas CI et al 1997). Supplementation with N-acetylcysteine
is recommended for people who are infected with HIV,
whether or not they are receiving HAART. hard drive
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Whey
Whey protein contains all essential and
nonessential amino acids, which are important to
maintaining an adequate immune system response. Whey is
also an important supplement to help boost the body s
synthesis of glutathione, and clinical trials have
successfully used whey protein in treating HIV (Marshall K
2004). Whey protein appears to be unique among proteins in
its ability to improve immune function, elevate cellular
glutathione levels, and maintain muscle mass (Marshall K
2004; Micke P et al 2002). travelstar
Otitis media. Middle ear infections are the
most common bacterial infections in children in the United
States. By the age of 3 years, two-thirds of American children
have had at least one episode of otitis media, and the other
third has had three or more episodes. S. pneumoniae is the most
frequent cause (Leibovitz E et al 2004). gateway
Lower respiratory tract infections. Common
lower respiratory tract infections include acute, chronic, and
health care associated pneumonia and bronchitis (Garcia
Ordonez MA et al 1999; Hedlund J 1995). S. pneumoniae is the
most frequent cause of community-acquired lung infections and
pneumonia. Lower respiratory tract infections can occur in both
healthy and immunocompromised individuals. laptop parts
Tuberculosis (TB). An estimated 15 million
people in the United States are infected with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Dai G et al 1998; Skamene E 1991). Of these,
however, far fewer will actually develop clinically evident
disease. Whether TB infection will progress to disease depends
on a person s nutritional status. TB occurs
disproportionately in poorer populations. Infection is more
likely to occur in people aged 15 to 25 years, those older than
age 60 years, people with HIV, or people who have been
incarcerated for longer than 6 months ( Fleischmann RD et al
2002). In prisons in particular, overcrowding and the frequent
movement of prisoners between cells is a factor in the spread
of infection (Lobacheva T et al. 2005). It is important to note
that the antibiotics used as first-line treatments in TB, such
as Isoniazid, are known to cause deficiencies in vitamin B6
(NIH 2005). software
Gastrointestinal Infection
Infectious diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide (Marignani M et al 2004; Reinert P 1993).
In the United States, 100 million people are affected by acute
diarrhea every year. Most diarrhea is viral (not bacterial) in
origin, but bacteria remain an important cause. Nearly half of
patients with acute diarrhea must restrict activities, 10
percent consult physicians, 250, 000 require hospitalization,
and approximately 3000 die. Common bacterial pathogens that
cause diarrhea include Campylobacter species, salmonella,
shigella, and E. coli O157:H7. hard drives
Campylobacter jejuni. C. jejuni is the most
common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the United States. The
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that
more than 1 million Americans are affected yearly. Previously,
most cases of bacterial diarrhea were caused by salmonella, but
the increased use of antibiotics in poultry- and cattle-feed
has been linked to the increasing incidence of drug-resistant
C. jejuni (Butzler JP 2004; Moore JE et al 2005; Takkinen J et
al 2003). Transmission is via exposure to contaminated food
(especially chicken) and water, or contact with infected
animals (especially cats and puppies) (Kasper DL et al
2004). electronics
Salmonella. Salmonellosis is the second
most frequent cause of bacterial disease in the United States.
In 2002, more than 44, 000 cases were reported to the CDC. Mild
infections often are undiagnosed or unreported, so incidence
may be 30 or more times greater than reported (Gold HS et al
2000). Infections with Salmonella species include diarrhea,
fever, and abdominal cramps (Murray et al 1998). The elderly,
infants, and people with impaired immune systems are at greater
risk of severe disease. Transmission is via exposure to
contaminated food (especially eggs) or water, or contact with
infected animals (reptiles) (Conte JE Jr 2002; Howard BJ et al
1994). canon
Shigella. Shigella species infection causes
a watery or bloody diarrhea with abdominal pain, fever, and
malaise. An estimated 448, 240 cases occur in the United States
yearly. Groups at highest risk in the United States are
children in child care centers, individuals in custodial
institutions, and international travelers (Gold HS et al 2000;
Madoff LC et al 2004). desktop pc
Escherichia coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7
is associated with a severe diarrheal disease called hemolytic
uremic syndrome. It has caused several nationally prominent
outbreaks of food poisoning. An estimated 73, 000 cases are
reported in the United States annually (Conte JE Jr 2002).
Transmission is through contaminated hamburger meat, apple
cider, and fruits and vegetables (Madoff LC et al 2004). desktop computers
Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori is the most
common chronic infection in humans (Basso D et al 2004; Go MF
2002). Acute infection causes abdominal pain, weight loss,
nausea, and vomiting. H. pylori is the major cause of gastritis
and peptic ulcers in adults and children (Zambon CF et al
2002). H. pylori impairs absorption of nutrients, altering the
balance of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, alpha-tocopherol,
vitamin C, and beta-carotene. think pad
Skin Infection
Skin infections include impetigo, boils, carbuncles,
cellulitis, and complications from burns (Gelfand JA 1984; Gold
HS et al 2000). Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus,
group A streptococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Baggett HC et
al 2004; Toshkova K et al 2001; Wysocki AB 2002). Impetigo, a
skin infection caused mostly by group A streptococci, can cause
severe kidney inflammation, sometimes resulting in kidney
failure. repair
Health Care Associated Infection
Hospital-acquired and health care related infections
are an increasing threat to patient safety and health in the
United States (Weinstein RA 1991; Weinstein RA 1998). In the
United States, infections encountered in the hospital or a
health care facility affect more than 2 million patients, cost
$4.5 billion, and contribute to 88, 000 deaths in hospitals
annually (Malone DL et al 2002; Tasota FJ et al 1998). data recovery
Urinary tract infections are the most common, followed by
pneumonias, skin and soft tissue infections, and invasive
bloodstream infections. Surgical wound infections account for
20 percent to 30 percent of cases, but contribute to as many as
57 percent of extra hospital days and 42 percent of extra
costs. Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Enterococcus
faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, Enterobacter species,
and P. aeruginosa are common pathogens in wound infections
(Goldmann DA et al 1996; Weinstein RA 1991). cisco
The purpose of this bill is to amend the Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act to ensure that: keyboard
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Accurate health claims are not suppressed; monitor
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Consumers are given truthful and full information about
the disease curative, mitigation, treatment, and prevention
effects of foods and dietary supplements; desktop
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The FDA honors the intent of the Congress to not censor
accurate health claims. infosys
This is one of the most critical pieces of legislation to
ever come before Congress. Passage of Health Freedom
Protection Act (HR 4282) would enable the American
public to learn how to prevent many of the degenerative
diseases of aging. The healthcare crisis that is threatening to
bankrupt Medicare, corporations, and aging individuals might be
averted. refurbished laptops
You can conveniently email you own Representative and
encourage them to support Health Freedom Protection Act
(HR 4282) by clicking here. Please
don t settle for scientific censorship. Stand up for your
First Amendment rights by sending a prepared email to your
Representative that states you want to see Health Freedom
Protection Act (HR 4282) enacted into law. take action
now wipro
Annual Super Sale - Time is running out to enjoy the
lowest prices of the year News
Legislative Emergency!
It is very important for you to make phone calls to the
following key Congressmen right away between Thursday, December
7 and Friday, December 8. What s happening is that the
Dietary Supplement and Non-Prescription Drug Consumer
Protection Act (the AER bill), which threatens your access to
dietary supplements, was passed in the U.S. Senate at 9 pm
Wednesday, December 6. Now we must take immediate action to
stop the companion bill (HR 6168) in the U.S. House of
Representatives. lap top
So, please call: 202-225-3121 (U.S. Capital
Switchboard, which is always open) and ask for: 1. Dennis
Hastert 2. John Boehner- (tell him not to allow it to be put on
the calendar- he opposes the bill, but now there s going to
be huge pressure on him to let it be voted on.) 3. Joe Barton
What to Say to These Three Members of the
House Please do not vote to pass HR 6168. A
large sector of the Dietary Supplement Industry including
Solgar, Nutraceutical Corp, Nature s Plus, Life Extension
Foundation, Wellness Resources and many other companies oppose
HR6168, The Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug
Consumer Protection Act. This legislation has nothing in it to
determine the cause of an adverse event. Safe dietary
supplements would be wrongly blamed for problems actually
caused by pharmaceutical drugs taken concurrently with one or
more dietary supplements, and there would be no medical or
scientific review required by the FDA before they could release
the flawed data obtained if this bill passes. This
is not good government and it would do nothing to protect the
public health. refurbished
There must be hearings on this legislation, and there
must be changes made to its language before it would actually
serve its intended purpose. Do not ram it through on us during
this lame duck session of Congress. If you do, you will enrage
the millions of Americans who take dietary supplements, who
flooded Congress in the 1990s, with more mail during the
campaign to pass DSHEA (the Dietary Supplement and Health
Education Act) than Congress ever received in its history on
any issue. memory
We can kill this bill, but only if you make these calls and
urge your friends and family to also take action. If we can
kill the AER bill in the House during this lame duck session
which ends Friday, December 8, the bill would have to be
reintroduced in the next Congress under new bill numbers. In
short, they ll have to try again, and we will have time to
push very hard for a hearing on the bill in order to get the
changes made to it that we need. intel
AER Dietary Supplement Legislation
First, we believe that this bill is a step towards treating
dietary supplements more like pharmaceuticals and not like
food. (The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act put the
burden of proof for safety of supplements where it belongs: on
the FDA, but this bill flips things back around and puts the
burden of proof on manufacturers which is wrong given that
supplements are far safer than food in common form.) Second, we
believe that this bill will ultimately have a negative impact
on the dietary supplement industry and the consumer. (Large
companies could more easily absorb the red tape expenses, while
many very good small companies- often those manufacturing the
industries best and most innovative products could easily be
driven out of business- while the costs of compliance would be
passed on to consumers.) Third and most importantly, a person
experiencing an adverse event (especially one that is serious)
from a drug (prescription or OTC), food, or supplement, should
work with their healthcare professional to determine the cause,
this burden shouldn t be put on a supplement company
especially when the bill does not require the full disclosure
necessary to determine causality. as400
What s At Stake
Technical Analysis
Adverse Event Reporting (AER) would be created only for
serious adverse events which is defined as an experience that
resulted in (A) Death (B) A life-threatening condition (C) An
inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization
(D) A persistent or significant disability or incapacity (E) A
congenital anomaly, birth defect, or other effect on pregnancy,
including premature labor or low birth weight; or averatec
(F) Based on reasonable medical judgment, required medical
or surgical intervention to prevent one of these outcomes.
Reporting And Manufacturer Compliance A
manufacturer, distributor, or retailer of a dietary supplement
would be required to file an AER incorporated into the existing
FDA Med Watch form within 15 days of receiving a consumer
notice. Under S 3546, retailers can be exempted, and
distributors can be exempted, if there is agreement among the
parties as to which party s address and 800 phone number is
printed on the product label. hardware
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