Defined in RFC 2281, HSRP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol in which routers are put into an HSRP router group. Along with dynamic routing protocols and STP, HSRP is considered a high-availability network service, since all three have an almost immediate cutover to a secondary path when the primary path is unavailable.
Laptop Battery One of the routers will be selected as the primary ("Active", in HSRP terminology), and that primary will handle the routing while the other routers are in standby, ready to handle the load if the primary router becomes unavailable. In this fashion, HSRP ensures a high network uptime, since it routes IP traffic without relying on a single router.
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Thinkpad The hosts using HSRP as a gateway don't know the actual IP or MAC addresses of the routers in the group. They're communicating with a pseudorouter, a "virtual router" created by the HSRP configuration. This virtual router will have a virtual MAC and IP address as well.
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Microsoft The standby routers aren't just going to be sitting there, though! By configuring multiple HSRP groups on a single interface, HSRP load balancing can be achieved.
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Laptop Computers Before we get to the more advanced HSRP configuration, we better get a basic one started! We'll be using a two-router topology here, and keep in mind that one or both of these routers could be multilayer switches as well. For ease of reading, I'm going to refer to them only as routers.
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Laptop Computer R2 and R3 will both be configured to be in standby group 5. The virtual router will have an IP address of 172.12.23.10 /24. All hosts in VLAN 100 should use this address as their default gateway.
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Desktop Computer R2(config)#interface ethernet0
Notebooks R2(config-if)#standby 5 ip 172.12.23.10
Lenovo R3(config)#interface ethernet0
Hard Drive R3(config-if)#standby 5 ip 172.12.23.10
Travelstar The show command for HSRP is show standby, and it's the first command you should run while configuring and troubleshooting HSRP. Let's run it on both routers and compare results.
Gateway R2#show standby
Laptop Parts Ethernet0 - Group 5
Software Local state is Standby, priority 100
Hard Drives Hellotime 3 sec, holdtime 10 sec
Electronics Next hello sent in 0.776
Canon Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10 configured
Desktop Pc Active router is 172.12.23.3, priority 100 expires in 9.568
Desktop Computers Standby router is local
Think Pad 1 state changes, last state change 00:00:22
Repair R3#show standby
Data Recovery Ethernet0 - Group 5
Cisco Local state is Active, priority 100
Keyboard Hellotime 3 sec, holdtime 10 sec
Monitor Next hello sent in 2.592
Desktop Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10 configured
Infosys Active router is local
Refurbished Laptops Standby router is 172.12.23.2 expires in 8.020
Wipro Virtual mac address is 0000.0c07.ac05
Lap Top 2 state changes, last state change 00:02:08
Refurbished We can see that R3 has been selected as the Active router ("local state is Active"), the virtual router's IP is 172.12.23.10, and R2 is the standby router.
Memory There are some HSRP values that you'll need to change from time to time. What if we want R2 to be the Active router instead? Can we change the MAC address of the virtual router? I'll answer those questions in the next part of this HSRP tutorial!
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