The Basics of Cryptography
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by tHe mAnIaC
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This guide is for educational purposes only I do not take any responsibility about anything
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happen after reading the guide. I'm only telling you how to do this not to do it. It's your decision.
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If you want to put this text on your Site/FTP/Newsgroup or anything else you can do it but don't
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change anything without the permission of the author.
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A word from the author:
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I hope you like my texts and find them useful.
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If you have any problem or some suggestion feel free to e-mail me but please don't send mails like
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"I want to hack the US government please help me" or "Tell me how to bind a trojan into a .jpg"
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Be sure if I can help you with something I will do it.
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Table of Contents
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1.What is this text about?
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2.About Encryption and how it works
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3.About the Cryptography and PGP
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4.Ways of breaking the encryption
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-Bad pass phrases
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-Not deleted files
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-Viruses and trojans
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-Fake Version of PGP
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1.What is this text about?
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In this text I'll explain you everything about encryption,what is it,PGP,
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ways that someone can read your encrypted files etc.Every hacker or
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paranoid should use encryption and keep the other from reading their
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files.The encryption is very important thing and I'll explain you how can
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someone break and decrypt your files.
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2.About Encryption and how it works
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-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
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The Encryption is very old.Even Julius Caesar used it when he was
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sending messages because he didn't trust to his messengers.You see
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encryption is everywhere,when you watch some spy film you see
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there's always a computer with encrypted files or some film about hackers
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when the feds busted the hacker and they see all of the hacker's files are
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encrypted.
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When you have simple .txt file that you can read this is called "plain text".
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But when you use encryption and encrypt the file it will become unreadable
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by the time you don't enter the password.This text is called cipher text.
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The process of converting a cipher text into plain text is called decryption.
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Here's a little example:
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Plain text ==>Encryption==>Ciphertext==>Descryption==>Plaintext
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This example shows you the way when you encrypt and decrypt a file.
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3.About the Cryptography and PGP
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-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
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Cryptography is science that use the mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data.This science
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let you keep your files and documents safe even on insecure networks like the Internet.
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The cryptography can be weak and strong.The best is of course the strong one.Even when you
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use all the computers in the world and they're doing billion operations in second you'll just need
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BILLIONS of years to decrypt strong encryption.
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PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is maybe the best encryption program to encrypt your files and documents.
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It work in this way:
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When you encrypt one file with PGP,PGP first compress the file.This saves you disk space and modem
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transmition.Then it creates a session key.This session key works with a very secure and fast
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confidential encryption algorithm to encrypt the file.Then the session key is encrypted with the
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recipient's public key.
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PGP ask you for pass phrase not for password.This is more secure against the dictionary attacks
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when someone tries to use all the words in a dictionary to get your password.When you use
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pass phrase you can enter a whole phrase with upper and lowercase letters with numeric and
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punctuation characters.
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4.Ways of breaking the encryption
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PGP has been written for people that want their files encrypted for people that want privacy.
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When you send an e-mail it can be read from other people if you use PGP only the person for who
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is the message will be able to read it.
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Now you know many things about PGP and the encryption but you may like to know can someone
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break it and read your private texts and files.In fact if you use all the computers in the world to
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decrypt a simple PGP message they'll need 12 million times the age of the universe to break it.
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You see this is the BEST the encryption is so strong noone can break it.
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The people that program it has done their work now everything depends on you.
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-Bad pass phrases
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The algorithm is unbreakable but they're other ways to decrypt the text and read it.
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One of the biggest mistakes when someone writes his/her pass phrase is that the pass phrase is
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something like : "John" "I love you" and such lame phrases.Other one are the name of some friend
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or something like that.This is not good because this is pass phrase not password make it longer
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put numbers and other characters in it.The longer your pass phrase is the harder it will be guessed
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but put whole sentences even one that doesn't make sense just think in this way:
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Someone is brute-forcing thousands of pass phrases from a dictionary therefore my pass phrase
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should be someone that is not there in the dictionary something very stupid like:
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hEllowOrld33IjustwanTtoteLLtoev3ryon3thatI'maLamErandI'mahacKer666
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This is easy to remember because it's funny and there are only a few numbers but you may not use
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upper and lowercase characters.I hope you know will put some very good pass phrase and be sure
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noone will know it.
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Another mistake is that you may write the pass phase on a paper and if someone find it you'll loose
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it and he/she will be able to read your encrypted files.
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-Not deleted files
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Another big security problem is how most of the operating systems delete files.So when you encrypt
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the file you delete the plain text and of course leave the encrypted one.
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But the system doesn't actually delete the file.It just mark those blocks of the disk deleted and free.
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Someone may run a disk recovery program and still see all the files but in plaintext.Even when you're
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writing your text file with a word editor it can create some temporary copies of it.When you close it
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these files are deleted but as I told you they're still somewhere on your computer.
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PGP has tool called PGP Secure Wipe that complete removes all deleted files from your computer
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by overwriting them.In this way you'll only have the encrypted files on your computer.
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-Viruses and Trojans
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Another dangerous security problem are the viruses and the trojans.So when you infect with a
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trojan the attacker may run a key logger on your system.
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*Note
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A key logger is a program that captures all keystrokes pressed by you then saves them on your
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hard drive or send them to the attacker
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So after the attacker run it he/she will be able to see everything you have written on your computer
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and of course with your PGP pass phrase.
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There are also a viruses designed to do this.Simpy record your pass phrase and send it back to the
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attacker.
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-Fake Version of PGP
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Another security problem is the PGP source that is
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available so someone can make a fake copy of it that is recording your pass phase and
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sending it back to the attacker.The program will look real and it will work but it may also have
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functions you even don't know about.
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A way of defending of these security problems is to use a trojan and a virus scanner.You should
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also be sure your computer is clean from viruses and trojans when you install PGP and also be sure
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you get PGP from Network Associates Inc. not from some other pages.
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So now I hope you understand that PGP can't be braked but if you use it wisely and be sure
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your pass phrase is good one,you're not infected with viruses or trojans and you're using the
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real version of PGP you'll be secure.
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