Magnetism flicks switch on 'dark excitons'
January 11, 2006
Laptop Battery Tests at leading magnetic labs shed light on nanotube
mystery
In new experimental research appearing in this week's issue of
Physical Review Letters, a Rice University-led team of
nanoscientists and electrical engineers has flipped the switch on
'dark excitons' in carbon nanotubes by placing them inside a strong
magnetic field.
Thinkpad The research offers new insight into the fundamental optical
properties of semiconducting nanotubes, hollow straw-like molecules
of pure carbon. Leading computing
companies would like to use
nanotubes as optical components in next-generation microchips
that are faster, more powerful and more energy efficient.
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Microsoft "Single-walled carbon nanotubes offer engineers the intriguing
possibility of building chips where electrical inputs can be
converted into light and moved about the chip as optical signals
rather than electrical signals," said lead researcher Junichiro
Kono, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at
Rice. "Thus far, the poor optical performance of nanotubes - in
some cases as few as one in 100,000 incoming photons causes a
fluorescent emission - has prevented engineers from developing the
technology for applications."
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Laptop Computers Kono said the new research may help scientists formulate new
tests to answer some of the most perplexing questions about the
optical properties of nanotubes. For example, scientists are
currently debating whether low fluorescence efficiencies in
nanotubes arise from the intrinsic physical structure of nanotubes
or from external factors like structural defects and impurities.
Some of the leading theories have the missing light disappearing
into "dark" excitons - odd quantum pairings of electrons and
electron "holes" that are forbidden by quantum rules from
fluorescing. The new magnetic method of overcoming this dark
exciton effect could be used to probe the intrinsic properties of
nanotubes and help settle the debate.
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Laptop Computer The team tested materials in some of the
world's most powerful magnetic
fields. Experiments were conducted at both the Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Pulsés in Toulouse, France,
and at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at New
Mexico's Los Alamos National Laboratory.
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Desktop Computer "We hope that our experimental methods will help better inform
theorists and ultimately aid in the
development of new devices with
far superior functions than those based on existing technology,"
said Sasa Zaric, whose doctoral dissertation will be based on
the work.
Notebooks Nanotubes are a fraction of the size of transistors used in
today's best microchips. As electronic components, nanotubes could
reduce power demands and heating in next-generation chips. But as
optical components they offer far more. The replacement of copper
cables with fiberoptics revolutionized the volume and speed of data
transmission in the telecom industry 20 years ago, and the
parallels in microchips are tantalizing.
Lenovo Rice University
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