Laptop Battery The cameras are rolling here at Purdue University's animal research center, tracking a half-dozen pigs, each with an ink streak slathered across its back for identification.
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Thinkpad The pigs have a choice to make. They can use their snouts either to let them into a pen where they can socialize with other pigs, or they can stay put with their food.
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Microsoft "We want to get the animal's perspective, to see what they prefer," explains Edmond A. Pajor, assistant professor of animal behavior and welfare at Purdue. "We want to know: How important is social contact and space? What do they like and need?"
Ultimately, Mitch and his unexpected allies so terrify Slim that she must turn the tables and transform herself from hunted to hunter.
Laptop Computers A decade ago, big food companies would have dismissed such research as silly, a deviation from the advances in industrial farming that have allowed them to reduce the cost of hamburgers and chicken nuggets. But today, those companies are not just taking the research seriously; they are financing it.
laptop computers is driving strong sales for notebook computers, according to the latest quarterly sales figures from the research firm IDC, which reported a 37% computer sales for the second quarter, compared with a year earlier. In the U.S., laptop sales grew 17.7%, while sales of desktop computers and servers fell 4%. The New York Times ( 10), CNET ( 10)
Laptop Computer McDonald's, Burger King, KFC and Wendy's have all underwritten research and recently hired what are called animal welfare specialists to help them devise new standards aimed at ensuring more humane treatment of the animals destined for their kitchens. Industry trade groups are promoting the new rules and conducting audits of livestock producers to assure they are being followed, though some groups express concern about higher costs and other complications.
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Desktop Computer Experts say that the food industry is responding to growing health concerns and criticism of the nation's factory farms, which raise over eight billion animals (mostly chickens) a year in giant production and slaughtering operations. Looming regulations most immediately in Europe, but also in the United States are adding to the pressure.
Notebooks As a result, after decades of crowding more and more animals into smaller and smaller stalls and pens, livestock producers and processors are being asked to create more space for animals, to reduce their reliance on growth-promoting drugs, and to transport and slaughter animals in more humane ways.
Lenovo Soon, cages might be eliminated from some factory farms, and animals that not long ago were clubbed before being killed and are now knocked unconscious by electric stun guns could be first put to sleep gently, with gas.
Hard Drive "The whole drumbeat in the U.S. for the last century has been to reduce the cost of food," said Todd J. Duvick, a food analyst at Banc of America Securities. "Now people are paying attention to things like how food is produced and how animals are treated."
Travelstar The changes are being applauded even by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA, an organization best known for guerrilla attacks on the fur industry and fast-food outlets, and for publicizing photographs of what they say are cruel acts being performed on animals.
Gateway "McDonald's, Burger King and Wendy's have done some pretty good stuff, but they had to be prodded into it,"' said Dan Shannon, a spokesman for PETA. "These animals are not living in luxury suites being hand-fed grapes, but this is an improvement."
Laptop Parts Last week, the McDonald's Corporation said it would begin insisting that its suppliers cut their use of antibiotics in sick animals and eliminate the use of certain growth-promoting antibiotics that are fed to healthy animals, particularly chickens. For several years, health professionals in the United States and Europe have worried that the overuse of antibiotics in farm animals might eventually reduce the medicines' effectiveness in humans.
Software Health officials applauded McDonald's announcement, but some producers criticized the company for bowing to public pressure and barring the use of some antibiotics that are still deemed safe by regulators.
Hard Drives "The pork industry wants to make sure sound science is driving the industry and not emotion," said Cynthia Cunningham, a spokeswoman for the National Pork Board. "McDonald's is trying to be laudable, but their position was based on marketing."
Electronics Whether motivated by marketing concerns or social conscience, McDonald's has stepped to the forefront of the animal welfare movement, at least among corporations.
Canon McDonald's has pressed the egg industry, for instance, to increase by half the amount of space it allocates to egg-laying hens in factory hen houses. The company which buys two billion eggs a year has also told its egg suppliers to stop the practice of temporarily withholding food and water to induce hens to lay larger eggs.
Desktop Pc Similarly, McDonald's now presses beef suppliers to reduce their use of electrical prods and encourages chicken producers to use automated equipment to gently gather chickens, in place of unskilled laborers who grab birds and stuff them into cages. At slaughterhouses, it insists on boxes that make livestock more comfortable as they are stunned into unconsciousness before being killed.
Desktop Computers Having established a detailed set of guidelines for the treatment of animals, McDonald's has begun enforcing the standards with random audits of its suppliers. KFC and Burger King are doing the same.
Think Pad "Essentially, it's the right thing to do," said Chet England, the chief food safety officer at Burger King.
Repair But it is McDonald's, as the world's largest restaurant chain and one of the biggest purchasers of animal products, whose evolving stance is driving change throughout the food industry.
Data Recovery "There will be differences on details, but not on the bigger picture," said Gary Weber, executive director of regulatory affairs at the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. "There might be disagreement on the use of branding, castration or de-horning, and some other matters."
Cisco According to McDonald's officials, the turning point in the company's attitudes came in 1997, when executives met for the first time with Temple Grandin, an associate professor at Colorado State University who is an expert in animal behavior and welfare issues.
Keyboard "We had an interest in this stuff, but couldn't figure it out," said Bob Langert, the senior director of social responsibility at McDonald's. "We went to Colorado State and saw her, and it was magic. She pitched her program, and we thought it was perfect."
Monitor Executives found Dr. Grandin's approach "scientific" and not "emotional," Mr. Langert said. They marveled at her research techniques: how she measured animal behavior and conditions; how she paid attention to animal vocalizations; how she studied their response to electric prods; how she catalogued their adaptations to various conditions.
Desktop Indeed, Dr. Grandin often gets down on all fours to walk through a processing plant, as if she were an animal. She has autism, and she says things that bother her because of her condition, like loud noises, can bother animals, as well, McDonald's officials said.
Infosys McDonald's has also turned to animal behavior and welfare researchers here at Purdue University, where there are studies looking into such topics as how female pigs socialize and whether cows feel pain when their tails are clipped.
Refurbished Laptops In one research lab, there are jars filled with pig brains and tails lined up on a shelf. Scientists will dissect the specimens to try to determine whether the animals suffered in various experiments run by the lab to simulate factory farm conditions.
Wipro Researchers here are also looking at animal handling techniques, barn lighting almost anything that could cause stress or harm to an animal. They watch hundreds of hours of videotape of animals sleeping, eating, playing and fighting, recording each monotonous detail.
Lap Top "It's pretty painful to watch those tapes," said Vanessa Kanaan, 22, a first-year Purdue graduate student who is recording piglet behavior on six cameras in a small research cabin. "I look at how they budget their time. Is there cross-suckling? I look at disputes before and after I mix them up. I want to better understand the social effects."
Refurbished How far animal welfare activists will go in pressing for changes is still unclear. Just yesterday, PETA applauded after David C. Novak, chief executive of Yum Brands the owner of KFC, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and other fast-food chains was doused with a blood-colored substance and stuck with feathers in an animal rights protest in Hanover, Germany.
Memory PETA says that KFC has announced new animal welfare measures but has not gone far enough in carrying them out. Jonathan Blum, a spokesman for Yum, said that KFC recently adopted industry-leading guidelines on animal welfare. He called the attack on the Yum chief an "act of corporate terrorism" that should be prosecuted.
Intel Other big restaurant chains say they are mainly interested in preventing abuse, not creating happier happy meals. "We're not experts on that; we're a restaurant company," said Mr. Langert of McDonald's. "But there are experts in this, and they'll help us draw the line."
As400 Global companies like McDonald's are also being nudged by rulemakers in Europe, where the animal welfare movement has made more headway with government officials.
Averatec The European Union has already said by 2012 it will ban the keeping of pregnant pigs in stalls that do not allow room to turn around. In Germany, officials are encouraging pig farmers to give their pigs 20 seconds of human contact each day and a little tender loving care.
Hardware "Pigs should be kept happy with two or three toys to stop them fighting each other, namely toys that have wooden grips or straw dummies," a government official told a newspaper last year. "Every pig must have daylight, and in winter extra lighting should be provided to stop the pigs becoming depressed."
Dual Xeon Richard Kirkden, a 34-year-old Purdue postdoctoral student whose expertise is animal motivation, said that his motivation was doing what was right for animals.
Storage "I'm not looking at production, I'm looking at the ethical side," he said. But ethical behavior can have a payoff. "In the U.K., where I come from, people will pay a premium for the better-cared-for animals."
Seagate By David Barboza
New York Times - 6/25/2003
Topic: Agriculture
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