Superconducting nanowires show ability to measure magnetic
fields
June 16, 2005
Laptop Battery By using DNA molecules as scaffolds, scientists have created
superconducting nanodevices that demonstrate a new type of quantum
interference and could be used to measure magnetic fields and map
regions of superconductivity.
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Thinkpad Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
have fabricated and studied nanostructures consisting of pairs of
suspended superconducting wires as tiny as 3 to 4 molecular
diameters (typically 5 to 15 nanometers) in width. The team
consisted of physics professors Alexey Bezryadin and Paul Goldbart,
and graduate students David Hopkins and David Pekker. Their work is
described in the June 17 issue of the journal Science.
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Microsoft "Our measurements on these two-nanowire devices revealed a
strange class of periodic oscillations in resistance with applied
magnetic field," Bezryadin said. "Through experimentation and
theory, we found both an explanation for this odd behavior and a
way to put it to work."
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Laptop Computers To make their nanodevices, the researchers began by placing
molecules of DNA across a narrow trench (about 100 nanometers wide)
etched in a silicon wafer. The molecules and trench banks were then
coated with a thin film of superconducting material
(molybdenum-germanium). The result was a device containing a pair
of homogeneous, superconducting nanowires with
extremely fine features.
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Laptop Computer "In the absence of a magnetic field, these ultra-narrow wires
exhibited a nonzero resistance over a broad temperature range,"
Bezryadin said. "At temperatures where thicker wires would already
be superconducting, these DNA-templated wires remained
resistive."
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Desktop Computer Tuning the strength of a magnetic field applied to the device,
however, caused highly pronounced and periodic oscillations in
resistance, at any temperature in the transition region.
Notebooks "The applied magnetic field causes a small current to flow along
the trench banks, and this current then causes a large change in
resistance," Goldbart said. "The strength of the current is
controlled only by the magnetic field and the width of the banks
supporting the wires."
Lenovo The resulting periodic oscillation is a reflection of the wave
nature of matter that goes to the
very heart of quantum mechanics, Goldbart said. "Unlike ordinary
matter, the electrons in these wires are behaving as though they
are one quantum mechanical object in one great quantum mechanical
wave function."
Hard Drive Metallic nanodevices based on DNA scaffolds could be used in
applications such as local
magnetometry and the imaging of phase profiles created by
supercurrents - in essence a superconducting phase gradiometer,
the researchers report.
Travelstar "By taking advantage of DNA self-assembly processes, complex
scaffolds could be created for electronic devices with features
having molecular-scale dimensions," Bezryadin said.
Gateway In related work, to appear in the August issue of the journal
Nanotechnology (published online in May), Bezryadin and
undergraduate student Mikas Remeika improved the nanofabrication
process by using a focused electron beam to locally alter the shape
and structure of metallized nanowires.
Laptop Parts Performed in a transmission electron microscope, electron-beam
sculpting and crystallization can modify small segments of the
nanowires, with a spatial resolution of approximately 3 nanometers,
Bezryadin said. The technique could be used to fabricate novel
electronic nanodevices, such as single-electron transistors, with
dimensions less than 10 nanometers.
Software University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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